1: With hydrogen bromide; acetic acid T=20°C; 2: With sodium acetate; copper(II) sulfate; zinc in water; acetic acid Further stages.;

1: H2SO4 2: 82 percent / PPh3, imidazole, I2 / toluene / 0.25 h / Heating 3: 91 percent / NaH / hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 83 percent / Hg(OAc)2 / acetone; H2O / 0.25 h / 0 °C 5: 73 percent / DMAP / pyridine / 4 h / Ambient temperature 6: 95 percent / CeCl3*7H2O, NaBH4 / methanol / 0.67 h / -78 °C 7: 20 percent / DMAP / pyridine / 6 h / Ambient temperature 8: 1.) NaOMe, 2.) conc. HCl / 1.) methanol, room temperature, 15 min, 2.) room temperature, 15 min View Scheme

1: pyridine / 20 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: tert-butyl alcohol; hydrogen bromide / acetic acid / 0 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: iodine 2: triethylamine 3: sodium azide / N,N-dimethyl-formamide View Scheme

pyridine; hydroxylamine hydrochloride T=90°C; Condensation; 0.5 h;

pyridine; 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane T=75°C; 1 h; Inert atmosphere;

recombinant galactokinase from Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4; magnesium chloride T=45°C; pH=8; 3 h; aq. bufferEnzymatic reaction; Kinetics; TemperaturepH-valueTime;

ammonia; water; amyloglucosidase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADM y500; Saccharomyces cerevisiae r424a (LNHst) T=31°C; pH=4.5; Air protectionEnzymatic reaction; Product distribution / selectivity;

lithium chloride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide T=140°C; 0.0833333 h; Microwave irradiation;

sulfuric acid; zinc(II) chloride Ambient temperature;