hydrogenchloride 2 h; Heating;

hydrogenchloride in ethanol

1: in dichloromethane T=20°C; 1 h; 2: With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in ethyl acetate 3: With ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate in water; acetonitrile Further stages.;

hydrogenchloride in water

1: 28percent aq. NH3 / 168 h / Ambient temperature 3: CoCl2 / H2O / 72 h / 37 °C / aminoacylase (from Aspergillus oryzae); pH 7 4: SOCl2 View Scheme

2: CoCl2 / H2O / 72 h / 37 °C / aminoacylase (from Aspergillus oryzae); pH 7 3: SOCl2 View Scheme

1: CoCl2 / H2O / 72 h / 37 °C / aminoacylase (from Aspergillus oryzae); pH 7 2: SOCl2 View Scheme

1: 43.6 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylsulfoxide / 30 h / Ambient temperature 2: ethyl acetate; diisopropyl ether 3: 96 percent / H2 / Pd / ethanol / 3 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 43.6 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylsulfoxide / 30 h / Ambient temperature 2: ethyl acetate; diisopropyl ether 3: 96 percent / H2 / Pd / ethanol / 3 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 4: DCC / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 5: 1) tBuOK / 1) THF, -50 deg C, 20 min, 2) THF, -30 deg C, 20 min 6: ethyl acetate; diisopropyl ether / 3 h / Ambient temperature 7: 1) K2CO3, 2) 15percent HCl/dioxane / 1) H2O, 2) rt, overnight View Scheme

1: Et3N / CHCl3 / 1.) 0 deg C, 20 min, 2.) room temperature, 2 h 2: 1 N NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme