(C2H5)3N in tetrahydrofuran byproducts: (C2H5)3NHCl; at -78 °C; extd. (pentane), crystd. from pentane at -28 °C;

sodium salt of phosphorous acid in water 1) 0 deg C, 1h, 2) 5 deg C, 2 h;

1: 57 percent / benzene / 48 h / Heating 2: 91 percent / hydrogen / 5percent Pd/C / methanol / 18 h 3: 91 percent / Na3PO4*12H2O / H2O / 1) 0 deg C, 1h, 2) 5 deg C, 2 h View Scheme

1: bromine / diethyl ether / 10 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: toluene / 62 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 18 h / 760.05 Torr / Inert atmosphere 4: potassium phosphate / dichloromethane; water View Scheme