1: 77.7 percent / 30percent aq. H2O2, acetic acid / 3.5 h / 70 - 80 °C 2: 49.1 percent / 1 N aq. H2SO4 / dioxane / 0.5 h / Irradiation View Scheme

trifluoroacetic acid in toluene T=80°C; 6 h;

ammonium formate; palladium 10 on activated carbon in 1,4-dioxane; methanol; water T=20°C; 1 - 3 h;

[bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene in water; acetic acid T=22°C; 0.25 h;

di-p-nitrophenylphosphoric acid in aq. buffer T=37°C; pH=7.5; Enzymatic reaction; Reagent/catalyst;

hydrogen bromide T=110°C; 72 h;

1: With sulfuric acid; dihydrogen peroxide; iron(II) sulfate in water T=0 - 27°C; 2.75 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in water T=20°C; 0.75 h;

iodine in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=80°C; Friedlaender synthesis; 8 h; Inert atmosphere;

1: 78 percent / POPCl3, Me4NCl / 2 h / 130 - 142 °C 2: 84 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 3: 100 percent / TMSCl / 12 h / Ambient temperature 4: 89 percent / methanol / 20 h / Heating 5: 1.) n-BuLi / 1.) heptane, hexane, 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) hexane, heptane, -30 deg C - 0 deg C, 1 h 6: 71 percent / NaBH4, n-Bu4NCl / H2O / 18 h 7: 99.3 percent / t-BuOK / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 - 30 °C 8: 89 percent / Pd(OAc)2, K2CO3, DPP / dimethylformamide / 16 h / 90 °C / 775.7 Torr 10: 92 percent / OsO4, Me3NO*2H2O / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 24 h / 40 °C 11: 76 percent / PS-30 catalyst / various solvent(s) / 48 h 12: 100 percent / NaOCl, 4-acetoxy-TEMPO, KBr, NaHCO3 / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.67 h 13: 96 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 96 h / 775.7 Torr / Ambient temperature; other catalyst, reaction time, temperature 14: 99 percent / TEMPO, KBr, NaHCO3, NaOCl / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h 15: 89 percent / TMSCl, NaI / acetonitrile / 6 h / 0 - 20 °C 16: 74 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylsulfoxide / 21 h / 47 - 50 °C 17: 93.4 percent / trifluoroacetic acid; toluene / 2 h / 110 °C 18: p-TSA*H2O / toluene; acetic acid / 18 h / 95 - 100 °C View Scheme

1: 84 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C 2: 100 percent / TMSCl / 12 h / Ambient temperature 3: 89 percent / methanol / 20 h / Heating 4: 1.) n-BuLi / 1.) heptane, hexane, 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) hexane, heptane, -30 deg C - 0 deg C, 1 h 5: 71 percent / NaBH4, n-Bu4NCl / H2O / 18 h 6: 99.3 percent / t-BuOK / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 20 - 30 °C 7: 89 percent / Pd(OAc)2, K2CO3, DPP / dimethylformamide / 16 h / 90 °C / 775.7 Torr 9: 92 percent / OsO4, Me3NO*2H2O / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 24 h / 40 °C 10: 76 percent / PS-30 catalyst / various solvent(s) / 48 h 11: 100 percent / NaOCl, 4-acetoxy-TEMPO, KBr, NaHCO3 / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.67 h 12: 96 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 96 h / 775.7 Torr / Ambient temperature; other catalyst, reaction time, temperature 13: 99 percent / TEMPO, KBr, NaHCO3, NaOCl / CH2Cl2; H2O / 0.5 h 14: 89 percent / TMSCl, NaI / acetonitrile / 6 h / 0 - 20 °C 15: 74 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylsulfoxide / 21 h / 47 - 50 °C 16: 93.4 percent / trifluoroacetic acid; toluene / 2 h / 110 °C 17: p-TSA*H2O / toluene; acetic acid / 18 h / 95 - 100 °C View Scheme