chloroacetic acid in water Heating;

1: 1.) N-isopropylcyclohexylamine, n-BuLi / 1.) THF, hexane, - 78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, hexane, MeOH, reflux, overnight 2: 78 percent / ClCH2COOH, / H2O / 100 °C View Scheme

1: pyridine / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) N-isopropylcyclohexylamine, n-BuLi / 1.) THF, hexane, - 78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, hexane, MeOH, reflux, overnight 3: 78 percent / ClCH2COOH, / H2O / 100 °C View Scheme

1: 74 percent / aq. NaOH, 30percent aq. H2O2 / 44 h / Heating 2: (COCl)2, DMF / benzene / 3 h / Ambient temperature 3: pyridine / Ambient temperature 4: 1.) N-isopropylcyclohexylamine, n-BuLi / 1.) THF, hexane, - 78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, hexane, MeOH, reflux, overnight 5: 78 percent / ClCH2COOH, / H2O / 100 °C View Scheme

1: (COCl)2, DMF / benzene / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: pyridine / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) N-isopropylcyclohexylamine, n-BuLi / 1.) THF, hexane, - 78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, hexane, MeOH, reflux, overnight 4: 78 percent / ClCH2COOH, / H2O / 100 °C View Scheme

1: methanol / |Reflux 2: chloroacetic acid / water; ethanol / 7 h / |Reflux View Scheme

bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; water 1.) 100 deg C, 72 h, 2.) acetone, r.t., 1 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

T=140°C; 0.75 h;

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilazane Heating;

in acetonitrile Ambient temperature;