1: N-chloro-succinimide / silver(I) acetate / acetone / 2 h / Reflux 2: ethylene glycol / 4 h / Reflux View Scheme

[Ni(2,2'-bipyridine)3(2+)][BF4(1-)]2 in N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ambient temperatureelectrolysis;

1.1: nBu4N(1+)*BF4(1-) / Ni(cyclam)(2+)*2BF4(1-) / dimethylformamide / 20 °C / 760 Torr / Electrolysis; Mg/Ni electrodes 1.2: K2CO3 / 10 h / 50 °C 2.1: aq. HCl / pH 1 - 2 View Scheme

tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate; Ni(cyclam)Br2 in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C; 6 h; electrolysis, Mg rod anode, carbon fiber cathode, 0.3 A/dm2;

1: 73 percent / CsF, N,N-diethylaniline / 4 h / Heating 2: 1percent aq. NaHCO3 / ethanol / 0.5 h / 70 °C View Scheme

potassium carbonate in toluene; acetonitrile T=60°C; 16 h;

di-isopropyl azodicarboxylate; triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran T=0 - 20°C; Mitsunobu reaction; 3 h; Inert atmosphere;

1: carbon dioxide; 2-bromo-1-(propargyloxy)benzene With tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate; Ni(cyclam)(2+)*2BF4(1-) in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C; Carboxylation; cyclization; P=760 Torr; ElectrolysisMg/Ni electrodes; 2: methyl iodide With potassium carbonate T=50°C; Esterification; 10 h;