nitric acid T=-5°C; 0.0833333 h;

nitric acid T=-2 - 2°C; 0.5 h; Yields of byproduct given;

1: 91 percent / aq. KOH / CH2Cl2 / overnight 2: 60 percent / 90percent HNO3 / 0.5 h / -2 - 2 °C View Scheme

1: 91 percent / aq. KOH / CH2Cl2 / overnight 2: 60 percent / 90percent HNO3 / 0.5 h / -2 - 2 °C View Scheme

T=12°C;

1: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 83 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 84 h / Heating 3: 67 percent / KMnO4 / acetone; H2O / 20 h / 50 °C 4: SOCl2 / 3 h / Heating 5: 1.) ethanol, Mg; / 1.) toluene, CCl4, reflux, 3 h, 2.) reflux, 3 h; 6: 100 percent / H2SO4 / aq. acetic acid / 7 h / Heating 7: 94 percent / H2 / palladium-carbon catalyst / methanol View Scheme

1: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 83 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 84 h / Heating 3: 96 percent / hydroxylamine hydrochloride, HCOOH / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

potassium hydroxide

1: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 83 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 84 h / Heating 3: 78 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate / benzene / 48 h / Heating 4: 96 percent / sodium acetate, H2 / PtO2 / ethyl acetate / 24 h / 2585.7 Torr View Scheme

1: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / methanol / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 83 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 84 h / Heating 3: 96 percent / hydroxylamine hydrochloride, HCOOH / 2 h / Heating 4: 88 percent / Fe powder, glacial acetic acid / propan-2-ol / 0.08 h / Heating 5: 73 percent / NaHCO3 / CHCl3 / 2 h / Heating 6: 11 percent / diethyl ether; dioxane / 4 h / Heating View Scheme