1: With potassium in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether T=20°C; Reduction; 10 h; 2: With cadmium (II) chloride in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Oxidation; 10 h;

1.1: Mg / diethyl ether; toluene / 12 h / Heating 1.2: 52 percent / Ni(dppp)Cl2 / diethyl ether; toluene; tetrahydrofuran / 10 h / 65 °C 2.1: potassium / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / 10 h / 20 °C 2.2: 90 percent / CdCl2 / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / 10 h View Scheme

nickel; 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene

T=850°C; Further byproducts given;

T=700°C; Further byproducts given;

in benzene 5 h; Heating;

T=160°C; 2 h;