1: With potassium hydroxide Reflux; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water

1.1: nitric acid / 15 h / Reflux 2.1: sulfuric acid / 5 h / Reflux 3.1: 1 h / Reflux 4.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetic acid / 760.05 Torr 5.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.17 h / 0 °C 5.2: 0.25 h 6.1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 7.1: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil 1.2: 2 h / Reflux 2.1: nitric acid / 15 h / Reflux 3.1: sulfuric acid / 5 h / Reflux 4.1: 1 h / Reflux 5.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetic acid / 760.05 Torr 6.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.17 h / 0 °C 6.2: 0.25 h 7.1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.1: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: 1 h / Reflux 2.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetic acid / 760.05 Torr 3.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.17 h / 0 °C 3.2: 0.25 h 4.1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: sulfuric acid / 5 h / Reflux 2.1: 1 h / Reflux 3.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / acetic acid / 760.05 Torr 4.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.17 h / 0 °C 4.2: 0.25 h 5.1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 6.1: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: hydrogenchloride; sodium nitrite / water / 0.17 h / 0 °C 1.2: 0.25 h 2.1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme

1: sodium t-butanolate / palladium diacetate; biphenyl-2-yl-di-tert-butyl-phosphane / toluene / 2 h / 95 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: potassium hydroxide / Reflux View Scheme