1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / 1,4-dioxane / 6 h / 60 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Microwave irradiation 2: tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); dicyclohexyl(2',6'-diisopropoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)phosphine; lithium tert-butylate / water; 1,4-dioxane / 12 h / 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

potassium tert-butylate in diethyl ether; ammonia 2.5 h; Inert atmosphereIrradiationliquid NH3;

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: palladium diacetate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether; sodium t-butanolate / toluene / 24 h / 110 °C / Inert atmosphere2: sulfuric acid / 1,4-dioxane; water / 4 h / 90 °C