1: 97 percent / bromine / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h 2: 85 percent / bromine / CH2Cl2 / 19.5 h 3: 95 percent / phosphinic acid / palladized charcoal / methanol / 0.42 h / Heating 4: 1.) sodium nitrite, hydrochloric acid, 2.) phosphinic acid / 1.) dioxane, water, 0 - 5 deg C, 0.5 h, 2.) 21 h 5: 48 percent / copper bronze / 2 h / 260 °C 6: 98 percent / potassium hydroxide, water / dimethylsulfoxide / 1.67 h / Heating 7: 11 percent / copper chromite / quinoline / 1.5 h / 180 °C View Scheme