1: 95 percent / tetrahydrofuran 2: 94 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol; tetrahydrofuran 3: 99 percent / p-TsOH / benzene 4: 93 percent / 2 N KOH / methanol View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in methanol; ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water 1.5 h; Ambient temperature;

1: 100 percent / p-TsOH / benzene / 1 h / Heating 2: 91 percent / 2 percent KOH / methanol; 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane; H2O / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: POCl3 2: NaOH 3: 78 percent / Ac2O, pyridine 4: 95 percent / Et3N 5: 98 percent / 10 percent HCl / tetrahydrofuran 6: HN(SiMe3)2 8: DBU / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / Heating 9: H2 / Raney Ni 10: 80 percent / Mg(OTf)2 11: 73 percent / CHCl3 12: 1.) Et3O(1+)*BF4(1-), Na2CO3; 2.) HOAc / 1.) THF, CH2Cl2 13: 80 percent / ethanol 14: methanolic sodium methoxide / benzene 15: Et3N / CHCl3 / 100 °C / sealed tube View Scheme