dichloro bis(acetonitrile) palladium(II); cupric trifluoroacetate; trifluoroacetic acid in 1,4-dioxane T=110°C;

1: 2 h / Heating 2: 85 percent / di-t-butyl peroxide / chlorobenzene / 48 h / 110 °C View Scheme

iron; acetic acid in ethanol 12 h;

1: With potassium carbonate in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water T=20°C; 0.5 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; water T=20 - 80°C; Inert atmosphere;

1: sodium acetate 2: iron; H2O; benzene View Scheme

lead dioxide