1: methanol / Reflux 2: hydrogen / (S)-BINAP RuCl2-triethylamine / methanol / 80 - 85 °C / 4413.43 - 4781.22 Torr 3: sodium hydroxide; water / 65 - 70 °C / Reflux View Scheme

1: sodium hydroxide / water; methanol / 1 h 2: ammonium chloride / water; methanol / 3 h / 50 °C 3: sodium hydroxide; dihydrogen peroxide / water; methanol / 6 h / 20 - 70 °C / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: R-(+)-proline / water; dimethyl sulfoxide / 0.5 h / 30 °C 2.1: methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / water; dimethyl sulfoxide / 0.5 h / 0 °C 3.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; chloroform; hydrogen / ethanol / 12 h 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: 15 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 19 h / 75 °C / Inert atmosphere 6.1: dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide / water / 3 h / 100 °C 6.2: pH Ca. 1 View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 15 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 19 h / 75 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide / water / 3 h / 100 °C 3.2: pH Ca. 1 View Scheme

1.1: N-benzyl-N,N,N-triethylammonium chloride; palladium diacetate; sodium hydrogencarbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 20 h / 45 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: R-(+)-proline / water; dimethyl sulfoxide / 0.5 h / 30 °C 3.1: methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / water; dimethyl sulfoxide / 0.5 h / 0 °C 4.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; chloroform; hydrogen / ethanol / 12 h 5.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.2: 15 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 6.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 19 h / 75 °C / Inert atmosphere 7.1: dihydrogen peroxide; sodium hydroxide / water / 3 h / 100 °C 7.2: pH Ca. 1 View Scheme

1.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide / tetrahydrofuran; water; cis-1,2-dichloroethylene / 3 h / 20 - 22 °C 1.2: 18.5 h / 10 - 20 °C 2.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2.33 h / 20 - 25 °C / pH 3 2.2: 3 h / 0 - 5 °C 3.1: phosphoric acid / isopropyl alcohol / 16 h / 30 °C 4.1: sodium hydroxide / water / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 5.1: phosphoric acid; water / water; isopropyl alcohol / 0.25 h View Scheme

1.1: benzotriazol-1-ol; lithium hydroxide hydrate / water / 0.17 h 1.2: 4 h / 23 °C 1.3: pH 3 2.1: N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / -20 - 0 °C 3.1: sodium hydride / dichloromethane; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 4 h / 23 °C 4.1: lithium hydroxide hydrate / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / 35 °C 4.2: pH 4 5.1: diisopropyl-carbodiimide; benzotriazol-1-ol / dichloromethane / 2 h / 20 - 23 °C 6.1: hydrogen / 5 palladium on charcoal / methanol / 4 h / 65 °C / 7500.75 Torr View Scheme