palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen in ethanol T=20°C; Inert atmosphere;

T=130°C; P=2585.81 - 5171.62 Torr; 1 h; Sealed tube;

thionyl chloride in benzene 4 h; Reflux;

1: potassium hydroxide / methanol; water / 2 h / |Reflux 2: oxalyl dichloride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / |Reflux 3: 1 h / 2585.81 - 5171.62 Torr / |Microwave irradiation; |Heating 4: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 1,4-dioxane / 2 h / |Reflux 2: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: potassium hydroxide / methanol; water / 2 h / |Reflux 4: oxalyl dichloride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / |Reflux 5: 1 h / 2585.81 - 5171.62 Torr / |Microwave irradiation; |Heating 6: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: oxalyl dichloride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / |Reflux 2: 1 h / 2585.81 - 5171.62 Torr / |Microwave irradiation; |Heating 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / ethanol / 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 40 - 50 °C 2: 1 h / 130 °C / 2585.81 - 5171.62 Torr / |Sealed tube View Scheme

potassium hydroxide; hydrogen bromide 1) reflux, 5 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: 1) 30percent H2O2, 5percent aq. NaOH; 2) conc. HCl 2: 50 percent / POCl3 / 1 h / Heating 3: 1) 47percent HBr, 2) 10percent KOH / 1) reflux, 5 h View Scheme

1: 67.7 percent / 90percent H2SO4 / 0.5 h / 70 °C 2: 1) 30percent H2O2, 5percent aq. NaOH; 2) conc. HCl 3: 50 percent / POCl3 / 1 h / Heating 4: 1) 47percent HBr, 2) 10percent KOH / 1) reflux, 5 h View Scheme