tri-n-butyl-tin hydride; 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile in benzene T=80°C; 1.5 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); ammonium formate; triphenylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran T=60°C; 18 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

tri-n-butyl-tin hydride; 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile in benzene T=80°C; 1.5 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;