in acetonitrile T=20°C; 4 h;

sodium carbonate; xylene

in acetonitrile T=20°C; 18 h;

sodium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran; water T=60 - 70°C; 2 h;

1: hydrogenchloride; calcium chloride / water / 4 h / 20 °C / Reflux 2: tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran / 8 h / Reflux 3: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2 h / 60 - 70 °C View Scheme

1: tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran / 8 h / Reflux 2: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2 h / 60 - 70 °C View Scheme

1: sodium tetrahydroborate / methanol / 1.25 h / 0 - 20 °C 2: hydrogenchloride; calcium chloride / water / 4 h / 20 °C / Reflux 3: tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran / 8 h / Reflux 4: sodium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; water / 2 h / 60 - 70 °C View Scheme

formaldehyd