1: 92 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / benzene / 12 h / Heating 2: H2, conc. NH3 / Raney-Ni / ethanol / 6 h / 105 - 110 °C / 44130.5 Torr 3: 1) conc. HCl, 2) 2 N NaOH / 1) 2 h, 2) 15 min 4: 3 percent / O2 / methyl acetate / 16 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme