potassium hydroxide; sodium hypochlorite in methanol; water

1: conc. sulfuric acid / 0.25 h / 100 °C 2: 1.) aq. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) aq. NaN3, sodium acetate / 1.) 0 deg C, 15 min 3: toluene / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 60percent nitric acid, conc. sulfuric acid / 1.) 0 deg C, 10 min, 2.) RT, 30 min 2: conc. sulfuric acid / 0.25 h / 100 °C 3: 1.) aq. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) aq. NaN3, sodium acetate / 1.) 0 deg C, 15 min 4: toluene / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: acetic acid / 0.25 h / Heating 2: 60percent nitric acid, conc. sulfuric acid / 1.) 0 deg C, 10 min, 2.) RT, 30 min 3: conc. sulfuric acid / 0.25 h / 100 °C 4: 1.) aq. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) aq. NaN3, sodium acetate / 1.) 0 deg C, 15 min 5: toluene / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

in acetic acid

1: 1.) AcOH, conc. H2SO4, NaNO2, 2.) NaN3, aq. AcONa / 1.) from 5 to 10 deg C, 60 min 2: 98.1 percent Spectr. / decahydronaphthalene / 87.7 °C / ΔE(excit.), ΔS(excit.) View Scheme

in benzene Heating;

triethyl phosphite in ethanol