sodium hydroxide T=60 - 100°C; 72 h; pH 10;

sodium hydroxide T=90°C; 72 h; pH 10;

sodium hydroxide T=90°C; 72 h; pH 9-10;

1: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 2: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 3: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 4: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 5: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 6: 16 percent / aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

phosphoric acid; phosphorus pentoxide 1.) 0 deg C, 10 min, 2.) reflux, 1.5 h;

1: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 3: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 4: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 5: 16 percent / aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

1: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 2: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 3: aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 4: 1.) conc. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) NaOH / 1.) H2O, 0 deg C, 2.) pH 10-11, 15 min 5: 16 percent / aq. NaOH / 72 h / 60 - 100 °C / pH 10 View Scheme

1: 75 percent / 1 N NaOH / 1 h 2: 20 percent / P2O5, 85percent H3PO4 / 1.) 0 deg C, 10 min, 2.) reflux, 1.5 h View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in water T=90°C; 72 h; pH 10; Product distribution;

sodium hydroxide T=60 - 100°C; 72 h; pH 10; Mechanism;