bis(allyl)-ruthenium(IV) dimer in methanol; water T=75°C; 0.75 h;

1: 1-ethynyl-4-iodobenzene With RuCl2(tricyclohexylphosphine)2(benzylidene) in toluene Inert atmosphere; 2: dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in toluene 36 h; RefluxInert atmosphere;

tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin cobalt(III) trisodium salt hexahydrate; water; bis-(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)amine in methanol T=80°C; 12 h; Sealed tube;

1: With potassium carbonate in methanol; chloroform T=25°C; 4 h; 2: With water in methanol; chloroform 0.25 h;

potassium carbonate in methanol 18 h; Inert atmosphere;

manganese(IV) oxide; potassium hydroxide in diethyl ether T=20°C;

1.1: diisopropylamine; CuI / PdCl2(PPh3)2 / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h 1.2: 52 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 2.1: 66 percent / potassium tert-butoxide / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: trichlorophosphate 2: water; sodium hydroxide / 1,4-dioxane View Scheme

1: 86 percent / methyl iodide / 96 h / 110 °C 2: 83 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; CH2Cl2 / 2 h View Scheme

1.1: 6 M HCl / acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 70 °C 1.2: aq. sodium nitrite / H2O; acetonitrile / 0.25 h / 15 °C 1.3: 94 percent / potassium carbonate / acetonitrile; H2O / 0.17 h / cooling 2.1: 95 percent / copper iodide; bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride; triethylamine / 3 h / 30 °C 3.1: 86 percent / methyl iodide / 96 h / 110 °C 4.1: 83 percent / potassium hydroxide / methanol; CH2Cl2 / 2 h View Scheme