1: 88 percent / mercuric oxide, methanolic potassium hydroxide / diethyl ether 2: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 50 °C View Scheme

1: 88 percent / mercuric oxide, methanolic potassium hydroxide / diethyl ether 2: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 50 °C 3: dioxane / 0.5 h / Irradiation View Scheme

1: KOH / bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ether / 3 h / 180 °C 2: 80 percent / AlCl3 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in diethylene glycol T=180°C; 3 h; Yield given;

potassium hydroxide; mercury(II) oxide in diethyl ether

1: 88 percent / mercuric oxide, methanolic potassium hydroxide / diethyl ether 2: 60 percent / dimethylformamide / 50 °C 3: 95 percent / 0.5 h / Irradiation; recovery of carboxylic acids from their 1-pyrenylmethyl esters View Scheme

1: KOH / bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ether / 3 h / 180 °C 2: 80 percent / AlCl3 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 82 percent / TiCl4 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: N2H4*H2O / toluene; bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ether / 1 h / Heating 5: KOH / bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ether / 3 h / 180 °C 6: 78 percent / Nafion-H, toluene / 12 h / Heating View Scheme

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 88 percent / mercuric oxide, methanolic potassium hydroxide / diethyl ether2: dimethylformamide  

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 88 percent / mercuric oxide, methanolic potassium hydroxide / diethyl ether2: dimethylformamide