1.1: sodium methylate / methanol 1.2: 3 h / 90 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / water / 2 h / 100 °C / |Reflux 2.2: 0 °C 3.1: sulfuric acid / |Reflux 4.1: water; acetone / 5 h / |Reflux 5.1: phosphorus trichoride / toluene / 0.5 h / 120 °C / |Reflux 6.1: toluene / 4 h / 120 °C / |Reflux 7.1: dihydrogen peroxide; potassium carbonate / methanol; water / 0 - 20 °C 8.1: trifluoroacetic acid; NsNHNH2 / 2 h / 20 °C 9.1: potassium hydroxide; water / 0 - 20 °C 9.2: 6 h / 0 - 25 °C 10.1: methanol / |Reflux View Scheme

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in isopropyl alcohol T=40 - 50°C;

water; sodium hydroxide T=15 - 20°C;

in toluene Wittig olefination; Heating;

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in methanol T=20°C; P=760 Torr; 0.5 h;

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in isopropyl alcohol T=40 - 50°C;