1: With sodium hydroxide in ethanol T=-10 - 20°C; 0.333333 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in ethanol T=50°C; 0.166667 h;

cell extract of Sphingomonas paucimobilis SC 16113 in water T=42°C; 20 h; Enzymatic reaction;

1.1: aq. LiOH / 0 °C 2.1: aq. NaOH / ethanol / 0.33 h / -10 - 20 °C 2.2: HCl / ethanol / 0.17 h / 50 °C View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in methanol 10 h; Ambient temperature;

1: 95 percent / N3Tf; CuSO4; K2CO3 / CH2Cl2; methanol; H2O 2: 97 percent / N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 3: 80 percent / 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 70 °C View Scheme