hydrogenchloride; zinc in toluene

aluminium trichloride T=80 - 180°C; 5 h;

hydrogen; sodium acetate; palladium on activated charcoal in acetic acid 2 h;

in benzene Irradiation;

1: 85 percent / POCl3 / 3 h / 100 °C 2: 85 percent / AlCl3 / 0.5 h / 100 °C 3: 13 percent / AlCl3, NaCl / 0.5 h / 160 °C 4: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme

1: 90 percent / aq. sodium hydroxide / 0.08 h 2: 70 percent / bromine / CCl4 / 15 °C / Irradiation 3: 83 percent / mercuric oxide, HClO4 / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / Heating 4: TsOH, nitrooxide / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 5: 90 percent / piperidine, pyridine / 0.17 h / 100 °C 6: 100 percent / H2 / PtO2 / methanol / 3 h 7: 86 percent / polyphosphonic acid / 0.17 h / 80 - 90 °C 8: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme

1: 70 percent / bromine / CCl4 / 15 °C / Irradiation 2: 83 percent / mercuric oxide, HClO4 / 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane / Heating 3: TsOH, nitrooxide / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 4: 90 percent / piperidine, pyridine / 0.17 h / 100 °C 5: 100 percent / H2 / PtO2 / methanol / 3 h 6: 86 percent / polyphosphonic acid / 0.17 h / 80 - 90 °C 7: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme

1: 90 percent / piperidine, pyridine / 0.17 h / 100 °C 2: 100 percent / H2 / PtO2 / methanol / 3 h 3: 86 percent / polyphosphonic acid / 0.17 h / 80 - 90 °C 4: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme

1: TsOH, nitrooxide / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 2: 90 percent / piperidine, pyridine / 0.17 h / 100 °C 3: 100 percent / H2 / PtO2 / methanol / 3 h 4: 86 percent / polyphosphonic acid / 0.17 h / 80 - 90 °C 5: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme

1: 13 percent / AlCl3, NaCl / 0.5 h / 160 °C 2: 96 percent / H2, sodium acetate / 5percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 2 h View Scheme