1: 80 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 6 h / Heating 2: 70 percent / urea / xylene / Heating 3: 58 percent / sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride / benzene / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

sodium methylate in diethyl ether 24 h; Ambient temperature;

palladium diacetate in toluene T=80°C; 0.5 h; Inert atmosphere;

1: 80 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 6 h / Heating 2: 70 percent / urea / xylene / Heating 3: 58 percent / sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride / benzene / 2 h / Heating 4: 44 percent / HCOOH / 3 h / 100 °C View Scheme