sodium hydroxide in water Ambient temperature;

potassium carbonate in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C;

sodium chlorite; disodium hydrogenphosphate in various solvent(s) 1 h;

1: C5H9NO2*ClH With sodium hydroxide in water 2: benzyl chloroformate in water T=5 - 20°C; 3: With hydrogenchloride in water pH=1;

cell extract of Sphingomonas paucimobilis SC 16113 in water T=42°C; 20 h; Enzymatic reaction;

1: 91 percent / NaN3 / dimethylformamide / 12 h / 100 °C 2: 82 percent / DIBAL / light petroleum; toluene; hexane / 1 h / -78 °C 3: 76 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 7 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 4: 82 percent / NaHCO3 / aq. ethanol 5: 95 percent / 80percent aq. AcOH / 120 h / Ambient temperature 6: 79 percent / aq. NaIO4 / methanol / 2 h 7: 88 percent / aq. NaClO2, Na2HPO4 / various solvent(s) / 1 h View Scheme

1: 76 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 7 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 2: 82 percent / NaHCO3 / aq. ethanol 3: 95 percent / 80percent aq. AcOH / 120 h / Ambient temperature 4: 79 percent / aq. NaIO4 / methanol / 2 h 5: 88 percent / aq. NaClO2, Na2HPO4 / various solvent(s) / 1 h View Scheme

1: 82 percent / DIBAL / light petroleum; toluene; hexane / 1 h / -78 °C 2: 76 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 7 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 3: 82 percent / NaHCO3 / aq. ethanol 4: 95 percent / 80percent aq. AcOH / 120 h / Ambient temperature 5: 79 percent / aq. NaIO4 / methanol / 2 h 6: 88 percent / aq. NaClO2, Na2HPO4 / various solvent(s) / 1 h View Scheme

sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium carbonate in water; acetonitrile T=50°C; Substitution; pH=9.5; 1 h;

TEA in water; acetonitrile