1.1: sodium ethanolate / ethanol / Cooling with ice 1.2: 8.17 h / 35 - 75 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / water / 4 h 2.2: 3 h / 100 °C / pH 1 View Scheme

1.1: sodium ethanolate / ethanol / Cooling with ice 1.2: 8.17 h / 35 - 75 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide / water / 4 h 2.2: 3 h / 100 °C / pH 1 3.1: L-(+)-tartaric acid / isopropyl alcohol / 0.5 h / Heating; Resolution of racemate 3.2: pH 7 - 8 / Resolution of racemate 3.3: 0.5 h / Reflux; Resolution of racemate View Scheme

aluminium trichloride in carbon disulfide T=40°C; Friedel-Crafts reaction; 6 h;

1: With bromine in chloroform 2: With sodium carbonate in water T=20°C; pH=8; 24 h;

aluminium trichloride in carbon disulfide Friedel-Crafts reaction; Heating;

1: ethyl acetate / 2.5 h / 0 - 80 °C 2: bromine / chloroform / 3 h / 55 °C View Scheme

1: diethyl malonate With sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran cooling; 2: N-(4-(2-bromopropionyl)phenyl)acetamide in tetrahydrofuran T=20°C; 5 h; Further stages.;