1: 89.2 percent / 3 h / 140 °C View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 78 percent / Na / methanol / 1) 2.5 h, room temperature; 2) 28 h, heating 3: 86 percent / acetic acid / 4 h / 130 °C 4: 94 percent / NaOH / 0.75 h / 100 °C 5: 69 percent / KMnO4, tetrabutylammoniumbromide / benzene; H2O / 1) 1 h, 10 deg C; 2) 30 min, 40 deg C View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 41 percent / 1 h / 120 - 130 °C 3: 68 percent / 10 percent HCl / 1.5 h / 80 °C 4: 86 percent / KMnO4, tetrabutylammoniumbromide / benzene; H2O / 1) 30 min, 5-10 deg C; 2) 30 min, 50 deg C View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 86 percent / Na / methanol / 1) 2.5 h, room temperature; 2) 28 h, heating 3: 39 percent / acetic acid / 4 h / 130 °C 4: 82 percent / NaOH / 0.75 h / 100 °C 5: 27 percent / KMnO4 / H2O / 1) 1 h, 10 deg C; 2) 30 min, 40 deg C View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 50 percent / PCl3 / CHCl3 / 8 h / Heating 3: 1) H2O2 / 1) CH3COOH, H2O, 1 h 40 deg C, 1 h 50 deg C, 1 h 70 deg C, 1 h 80 deg C, 1 h 90 deg C, 17 h 100 deg C. 2) 20 min 125 deg C, 2 h 136-140 deg C 4: 17 percent / KMnO4 / H2O / 1) 1 h, 10 deg C; 2) 30 min, 40 deg C View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 41 percent / 1 h / 120 - 130 °C 3: 68 percent / 10 percent HCl / 1.5 h / 80 °C 4: 86 percent / KMnO4, tetrabutylammoniumbromide / benzene; H2O / 1) 30 min, 5-10 deg C; 2) 30 min, 50 deg C 5: 19 percent / H2S, 25 percent NH3 / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 24 percent / 65 percent HNO3, conc. H2SO4 / 3 h / 93 - 95 °C 2: 78 percent / Na / methanol / 1) 2.5 h, room temperature; 2) 28 h, heating 3: 86 percent / acetic acid / 4 h / 130 °C 4: 94 percent / NaOH / 0.75 h / 100 °C View Scheme

dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid 1.) 1 h at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 deg C; 2.) 17 h, 100 deg C;

1: 74.6 percent / CH3COOK, H2 / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 24 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 2: 80.7 percent / CH3COOH, 30 percent H2O2 / 1.) 1 h at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 deg C; 2.) 17 h, 100 deg C View Scheme

1: 88.5 percent / NMe3*HCl, POCl3 / 12 h / Heating 2: 74.6 percent / CH3COOK, H2 / 10percent Pd/C / methanol / 24 h / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 3: 80.7 percent / CH3COOH, 30 percent H2O2 / 1.) 1 h at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 deg C; 2.) 17 h, 100 deg C View Scheme