1: 88.9 percent / Zn dust, acetic acid / H2O / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) LDA / 1.) hexane, Et2O, THF, -78 deg C, 10 min; 2.) hexane, Et2O, THF, RT, 2 h 3: 84.9 percent / 20 percent NaOH / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / Heating 4: 91 percent / diethyl ether / 2 h / 0 °C 5: 96 percent / 85 percent phosphoric acid, 88 percent formic acid / 3 h / 85 - 90 °C View Scheme

1: NH4Cl, Zn / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 12 h / 65 °C 2: 30percent H2O2, NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme