potassium hydroxide in water 24 h; Heating;

potassium hydroxide in 1,4-dioxane; water

α-chymotrypsin in water T=37°C; 40 h; pH=5.0;

hydrogenchloride 16 h; Heating;

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in ethanol 3 h; Ambient temperature; Yield given;

1: 10.69 g / CF3COOH / 96 h / Ambient temperature 2: 8.93 g / Na2CO3 / dioxane; H2O / 2.5 h / 0 °C 3: 1.) lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, a) -78 deg C, 1 h, b) from -78 deg C to RT, 2 h 4: trifluoroacetic acid / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 5: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 8.93 g / Na2CO3 / dioxane; H2O / 2.5 h / 0 °C 2: 1.) lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, a) -78 deg C, 1 h, b) from -78 deg C to RT, 2 h 3: trifluoroacetic acid / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 1.) lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, a) -78 deg C, 1 h, b) from -78 deg C to RT, 2 h 2: trifluoroacetic acid / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 3: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: trifluoroacetic acid / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 2: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 28.5 g / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 2.5 h 2: 10.69 g / CF3COOH / 96 h / Ambient temperature 3: 8.93 g / Na2CO3 / dioxane; H2O / 2.5 h / 0 °C 4: 1.) lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / 1.) THF, -78 deg C, 1 h, 2.) THF, a) -78 deg C, 1 h, b) from -78 deg C to RT, 2 h 5: trifluoroacetic acid / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 6: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme