1: 80 percent / Ni(PPh3)4 / diethyl ether; benzene / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 88 percent / PdCl2(PhCN)2, CuI / various solvent(s) / 3 h / Ambient temperature 3: 86 percent / K2CO3 / methanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature 4: 68 percent / activated Zn dust / H2O; methanol / 2 h / 35 °C View Scheme

1: 80 percent / Ni(PPh3)4 / diethyl ether; benzene / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 88 percent / PdCl2(PhCN)2, CuI / various solvent(s) / 3 h / Ambient temperature 3: 86 percent / K2CO3 / methanol / 4 h / Ambient temperature 4: 68 percent / activated Zn dust / H2O; methanol / 2 h / 35 °C View Scheme

1: iodine / hexane; tetrahydrofuran / 13.5 h / -50 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate; tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride in dichloromethane T=-50 - 20°C; 1.5 h;

1: iodine / hexane; tetrahydrofuran / 13.5 h / -50 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: palladium diacetate; potassium carbonate; tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 62 percent / Pd(PPh3)4 / benzene / 3 h / 25 °C 2: 65 percent / HgCl2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 8 h / 100 °C View Scheme