lithium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran; water T=50°C; 2.5 h;

2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; 4 A molecular sieve; lithium chloride; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=90°C; P=2660 Torr; 21 h;

LiCl; CO; dichloro{1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene}palladium(II) in N,N-dimethyl-formamide High Pressure; the triflate and the stannane in DMF contg. the Pd catalyst and LiCl heated at 90°C under high pressure CO for 21 h; cooled to room temp., dild. with ether, filtered, filtrate washed with water and satd. NaCl soln., dried, concd., chromd. (flash column, hexanes/EtOAc);

alkali

1: thionyl chloride 2: aluminium chloride; carbon disulfide View Scheme

carbon disulfide; aluminium trichloride

1: benzene; diethyl ether View Scheme

1: benzene; diethyl ether 2: aqueous acetic acid; N2H4+H2O View Scheme