1: 93 percent / aq. HCl / 18 h / Heating 2: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / 0 °C 3: 74.5 percent / SOCl2 / -20 - 20 °C 4: 97 percent / aq. NaOH / acetonitrile; H2O / 5 h / 37 - 42 °C / α-chymotrypsin 5: 93 percent / aq. HCl / 10 h / Heating 6: 85 percent / aq. NaOH / H2O; 2-methyl-propan-2-ol / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 93 percent / aq. HCl / 18 h / Heating 2: 95 percent / aq. NaOH / 0 °C 3: 74.5 percent / SOCl2 / -20 - 20 °C 5: 90 percent / aq. HCl / 10 h / Heating 6: 80 percent / aq. NaOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 3 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

hydrogenchloride

ethanol; sodium ethanolate

sulfuric acid; sodium in ethanol; dichloromethane; water

ethanol; sodium ethanolate

1: dibenzoyl peroxide; tetrachloromethane; N-bromo-succinimide 2: sodium ethylate; ethanol View Scheme

methanol; palladium on activated charcoal; ethyl acetate Hydrogenation;