1.1: 99 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / -5 °C 2.1: 90 percent / 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C / pH 7 3.1: 99 percent / (COCl)2; dimethyl sulfoxide; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 4.1: 82 percent / CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 5.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 6.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 7.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 8.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 9.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 10.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 11.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 12.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 13.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 14.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 15.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 16.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 17.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: 90 percent / 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C / pH 7 2.1: 99 percent / (COCl)2; dimethyl sulfoxide; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 3.1: 82 percent / CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 4.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 5.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 6.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 7.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 8.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 9.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 10.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 11.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 12.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 13.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 14.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 15.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 16.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: 99 percent / (COCl)2; dimethyl sulfoxide; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 2.1: 82 percent / CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 3.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 4.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 5.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 6.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 7.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 8.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 9.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 10.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 11.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 12.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 13.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 14.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 15.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: 99 percent / hydrogen / Pd(OH)2 / ethyl acetate / 20 °C 2.1: 99 percent / tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 20 °C 3.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 3.2: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 20 °C 4.1: 85 percent / sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 5.1: 91 percent / diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / -78 °C 6.1: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; acetic acid / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 7.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 8.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 9.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 9.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 10.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 11.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 12.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 13.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 14.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 15.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 16.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 17.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 18.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 19.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 20.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 21.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: 99 percent / tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 20 °C 2.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2.2: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 20 °C 3.1: 85 percent / sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 4.1: 91 percent / diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / -78 °C 5.1: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; acetic acid / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 6.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 7.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 8.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 8.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 9.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 10.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 11.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 12.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 13.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 14.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 15.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 16.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 17.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 18.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 19.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 20.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 1.2: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 20 °C 2.1: 85 percent / sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 3.1: 91 percent / diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / -78 °C 4.1: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; acetic acid / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 5.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 6.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 7.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 7.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 8.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 9.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 10.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 11.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 12.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 13.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 14.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 15.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 16.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 17.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 18.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 19.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: 85 percent / sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2.1: 91 percent / diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / -78 °C 3.1: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; acetic acid / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 4.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 5.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 6.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 6.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 7.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 8.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 9.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 10.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 11.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 12.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 13.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 14.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 15.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 16.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 17.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 18.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: tetrabutylammonium fluoride; acetic acid / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 2.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 3.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 4.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 4.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 5.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 6.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 7.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 8.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 9.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 10.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 11.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 12.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 13.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 14.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 15.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 16.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate; N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; molecular sieves 4 Angstroem / CH2Cl2 2.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 3.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 3.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 4.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 5.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 6.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 7.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 8.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 9.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 10.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 11.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 12.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 13.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 14.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 15.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme

1.1: CrCl2 / tetrahydrofuran; dioxane / 0 °C 2.1: N-methylpyrrolidinone; [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; hexamethyltin / 20 °C 2.2: [Pd{P(2-furyl)3}2Cl2]; N-methylpyrrolidinone / 20 °C 3.1: 81 percent / LiAlH(OtBu)3 / tetrahydrofuran / -10 °C 4.1: 81 percent / 4-pyrrolidinopyridine / CH2Cl2 5.1: 89 percent / lithium hydroxide / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C 6.1: 88 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 - 20 °C 7.1: 66 percent / 2,6-lutidine / CH2Cl2 / -20 °C 8.1: 88 percent / 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 9.1: 81 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 20 °C 10.1: 78 percent / lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - -20 °C 11.1: 80 percent / dimedone / [Pd(PPh3)4] / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 12.1: PhI(OAc)2 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 13.1: 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 20 °C 14.1: 61 percent / pyridine*HF / tetrahydrofuran / 50 °C View Scheme