4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; Fonderma 1.) benzene, room temp., 2 h, 2.) chlorobenzene, 132 deg C, 2 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

sodium sulfate; zinc(II) chloride

1.1: 97 percent / SeO2; t-BuOOH / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 0 °C 2.1: 96 percent / oxalyl chloride; DMSO / CH2Cl2 / -50 - 25 °C 3.1: tert-BuLi; CuCN; LiCl / diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran / 0.75 h / -78 °C 3.2: tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 25 °C 4.1: t-BuOK / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 0 °C 4.2: tetrahydrofuran / -30 - 25 °C 5.1: 1.274 g / PPTS / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 25 °C 6.1: KO-t-Bu / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 0 °C 6.2: 76 percent / Davis reagent / -78 °C 7.1: 97 percent / LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 8.1: 71 percent / TMSOTf; 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / -20 °C 9.1: DDQ; H2O / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / 25 °C 9.2: 81 percent / Pd(CN)2Cl2; H2O / acetone / 2 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: PCl5; chloroform 2: aluminium isopropylate; isopropyl alcohol View Scheme

1: 85 percent / Colletotrichum lini / 36 h 2: 97 percent / 35 percent HClO4 / various solvent(s) / 4 h / Ambient temperature 3: 90 percent / 4-dimethylaminopyridine / pyridine / 4 h / 50 °C 4: 91 percent / NaOH / dimethylsulfoxide / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 93 percent / diethyl ether / 7 h / Heating 2: 72 percent / aluminium isopropoxide / toluene; cyclohexanone / 3 h / Heating View Scheme

Escherichia coli glucuronylsynthase mutant E504G; n-dodecyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-gt;4)-β-D-glucopyranoside T=20°C; pH=7.5; 96 h; aq. phosphate buffer;

1: silver carbonate; diethyl ether 2: methanol; barium hydroxide; water View Scheme

1: 10 palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen / ethanol 2: pyridine / dichloromethane / Cooling with ice View Scheme

1: CuSO4 / 200 °C View Scheme