1: 97 percent / H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 2: 24 percent / potassium carbonate; Pd(PPh3)4 / dimethylsulfoxide / 24 h / 100 °C View Scheme

1: 91 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2; CuI; Et3N / 4 h / 50 °C 2: 97 percent / H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 3: 49 percent / K2CO3 / Pd(PPh3)4 / dimethylformamide / 12 h / 100 °C View Scheme

1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; [{(η5-C5Me5)RhCl}2(μ-Cl)2]; copper (II) acetate monohydrate in o-xylene T=130°C; 10 h; Inert atmosphere;

acetic acid; zinc T=75°C; Dehalogenation; 1 h;

1: 1,1'-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride; sodium t-butanolate / tetrahydrofuran / 18 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: water; ammonium chloride / tetrahydrofuran; ethanol / 18 h / 90 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 1,1'-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride; sodium t-butanolate / tetrahydrofuran / 18 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 2: 1,1'-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride; sodium t-butanolate / tetrahydrofuran / 18 h / 70 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: water; ammonium chloride / tetrahydrofuran; ethanol / 18 h / 90 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 95 percent / H2O / 12 h / 20 °C 2: 96 percent / Pd(OAc)2; PPh3; Na2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 24 h / 100 °C View Scheme

1: phosphoryl chloride 2: palladium/calcium carbonate; ethanolic KOH-solution / Hydrogenation View Scheme

1: sodium amide; toluene 2: phosphoryl chloride 3: palladium/calcium carbonate; ethanolic KOH-solution / Hydrogenation View Scheme