sodium hydroxide; aluminum tri-bromide T=80°C; 0.5 h;

sulfuric acid T=25°C; cyclodehydration in H2SO4 at various concentrations; Rate constant;

sodium hydroxide; aluminum tri-bromide T=80°C; 0.5 h;

1: 54 percent / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / 40 °C 2: benzene / 48 h / Ambient temperature 3: 63 percent / CH2Cl2; petroleum ether / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: 0.79 g / ethanol / 48 h / Ambient temperature 5: 51 percent / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

water; sodium acetate; acetic acid in 1,4-dioxane T=25°C; ionic strength 0.8; var. conc. of reagents; var. reag.: aq. hydrochloric acid, var. conc. and ion strength 0.4; Rate constantEquilibrium constant;

water in ethanol T=25°C; in presence of AcOH, HCl or acetate buffer; Rate constantEquilibrium constant;