in toluene T=20°C; 22 h; Reflux;

1: With hydrogenchloride; water in acetonitrile T=20°C; 20 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in water; acetonitrile 17.0833 h; 3: With hydrogenchloride; water in ethyl acetate 4 h; Heating / reflux;

1: With hydrogenchloride in water; ethyl acetate T=25 - 30°C; pH=3.0; 2: in toluene 6 h; Heating / reflux;

1: With potassium hydroxide; water in tetrahydrofuran T=40 - 45°C; 1.5 h; 2: With phosphoric acid; water in ethyl acetate 0.333333 h; Heating / reflux; 3: With sodium hydrogencarbonate in water; ethyl acetate

sulfuric acid in acetonitrile T=50 - 60°C; 3 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: With hydrogenchloride; water in acetonitrile T=30°C; 2 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in water; acetonitrile T=35°C; 2 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 2.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 40 °C 2.2: pH 2 - 4 3.1: 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole / ethyl acetate / 3 h / 0 - 30 °C 3.2: 20 - 25 °C 4.1: potassium carbonate / acetonitrile / 70 °C 4.2: 15 h / 0 - 25 °C 5.1: lithium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -70 - -10 °C 6.1: sulfuric acid / acetonitrile / 3 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1.1: ammonium chloride / acetonitrile / 1 h / 0 - 30 °C 2.1: 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole / dichloromethane / 3 h / 0 - 25 °C 2.2: 10 h / 20 - 25 °C 3.1: sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium hypochlorite; potassium bromide / 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical / ethyl acetate; water / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: sodium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sulfuric acid / acetonitrile / 3 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: sodium hydrogencarbonate; sodium hypochlorite; potassium bromide / 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy, free radical / ethyl acetate; water / 2 h / 0 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: sodium hexamethyldisilazane / tetrahydrofuran / -40 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: sulfuric acid / acetonitrile / 3 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine; methanesulfonyl chloride / dichloromethane / 5 h / 0 - 25 °C 2: hydrogen bromide / water / 15 h / 80 °C 3: toluene / 3 h / 0 - 20 °C 4: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 6 h / 70 - 75 °C 5: sulfuric acid / acetonitrile / 3 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme