nitric acid in acetic acid T=80°C; 33 h;

1: 43 percent / H2SO4, fuming HNO3 / 6 h / 90 °C 2: 97 percent / H2, gl. AcOH / 10percent Pd/C / 18 h / 60 °C / 2585.7 Torr 3: 50 percent / Na2CO3 / acetone / 2 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / lithium aluminum hydride / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / Heating 5: 5 percent / H2SO4, fuming HNO3 / 3 h / Ambient temperature 6: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / 18 h / 2585.7 Torr 7: 14 percent / ethanol / 18 h / 120 °C View Scheme

titanium tetrachloride; tin(ll) chloride in benzene 0.5 h; Ambient temperature;

trifluoroacetic anhydride in N,N-dimethyl-formamide 16 h; Ambient temperature;

dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid T=90°C; 18 h;

in acetonitrile T=24.84°C; Equilibrium constant;

1: 90percent HNO3, 98percent H2SO4 / 4 h / 90 °C 2: 78 percent / acetyl chloride / 0.5 h / 55 °C 3: 93 percent / methanol / 3 h / Heating 4: 94 percent / PCl3 / CHCl3 / 1.) 25 deg C, 1 h, 2.) from 80 to 85 deg C, 0.5 h 5: 61 percent / 90percent HNO3, 98percent H2SO4 / 1 h / 80 - 85 °C 6: 98 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / CHCl3 / 36 h / 25 °C 7: 61 percent / 3 h / 120 - 122 °C 8: 52 percent / aq. KOH / 24 h / 25 °C 9: 82 percent / KMnO4, Na2CO3 / H2O / 4 h / 25 °C 10: 96 percent / 48percent aq. HBr / 4 h / 80 - 82 °C View Scheme

1: 1.5 h / 100 °C / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 2: hydrogenchloride / water / 1 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux 3: thionyl chloride / 0.5 h / Inert atmosphere; Reflux View Scheme

1: With p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane T=40°C; 2 h; 2: With triethylamine in dichloromethane T=40°C; 3 h;

1: CH2Cl2 / 0.42 h / 20 °C 2: 9.72 g / Et2NCOCl / CH2Cl2 / 96 h / 20 °C View Scheme