5 Pd(OH)2/C; hydrogen in tetrahydrofuran; methanol; water T=20°C; 0.5 h;

hydrogenchloride in methanol T=40°C; 0.5 h;

citric acid in water T=100°C; 2 h;

acetic acid; nickel in ethanol T=50°C; 0.5 h;

CHIRAL PAK.(R). IC (250 X 4.6) mm, 5μ column in methanol T=25°C; Resolution of racemate; Product distribution / selectivity;

Diaporthe sp in methanol T=27°C; 24 h;

1.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 15 h / 20 - 70 °C 1.2: 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 0 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: Inert atmosphere; Cooling 3.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / ethyl acetate; methanol / 5 h / 50 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 20 h / 20 °C 4.2: 20 °C 5.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; triethylamine / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 - 40 °C / Inert atmosphere 6.1: potassium carbonate / dichloromethane; methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 7.1: hydrogen / palladium(II) oxide hydrate / ethyl acetate / 40 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 0 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: Inert atmosphere; Cooling 2.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / ethyl acetate; methanol / 5 h / 50 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 20 h / 20 °C 3.2: 20 °C 4.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; triethylamine / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 - 40 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: potassium carbonate / dichloromethane; methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 6.1: hydrogen / palladium(II) oxide hydrate / ethyl acetate / 40 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / ethyl acetate; methanol / 5 h / 50 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 20 h / 20 °C 2.2: 20 °C 3.1: 4-(N,N-dimethlyamino)pyridine; triethylamine / dichloromethane / 6 h / 20 - 40 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: potassium carbonate / dichloromethane; methanol / 30 h / 20 °C 5.1: hydrogen / palladium(II) oxide hydrate / ethyl acetate / 40 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 15 h / 20 - 70 °C 1.2: 1 h / 20 °C 2.1: sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium dihydride / tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 0 - 5 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: Inert atmosphere; Cooling 3.1: hydrogen / palladium 10 on activated carbon / ethyl acetate; methanol / 5 h / 50 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: CHIRAL PAK.(R). IC (250 X 4.6) mm, 5μ column / methanol / 25 °C / Resolution of racemate View Scheme