potassium hydroxide T=20°C; 96 h;

potassium hydroxide in acetic acid T=0°C; 4 h;

potassium phosphate; 2-hydroxyethanethiol; 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase 1.) 37 deg C, 6 h, 2.) pH 8.0, 0-4 deg C, overnight;

1: 53 percent / CSI / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 2.5 h / -42 °C 2: 97 percent / iodic acid/iodine, conc. sulfuric acid / CCl4; H2O; acetic acid / 24 h / Ambient temperature 3: 99.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 4: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 5: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 6: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 7: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1: 67 percent / W73 Raney nickel / ethanol; H2O; toluene / 4.5 h / Ambient temperature 2: 53 percent / CSI / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 2.5 h / -42 °C 3: 97 percent / iodic acid/iodine, conc. sulfuric acid / CCl4; H2O; acetic acid / 24 h / Ambient temperature 4: 99.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 5: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 6: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 7: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 8: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1: 92 percent / 5percent palladium on charcoal / 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene / 6 h / Heating 2: 67 percent / W73 Raney nickel / ethanol; H2O; toluene / 4.5 h / Ambient temperature 3: 53 percent / CSI / CH2Cl2; acetonitrile / 2.5 h / -42 °C 4: 97 percent / iodic acid/iodine, conc. sulfuric acid / CCl4; H2O; acetic acid / 24 h / Ambient temperature 5: 99.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 6: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 7: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 8: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 9: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1: 97 percent / iodic acid/iodine, conc. sulfuric acid / CCl4; H2O; acetic acid / 24 h / Ambient temperature 2: 99.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 3: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 4: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 5: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 6: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1: 99.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 2: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 3: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 4: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 5: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1: 31.2 percent / triethylamine, palladium(II) acetate / acetonitrile / 0.67 h / 99 - 100 °C 2: 91.5 percent / NaOH, tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 °C 3: hydrogen / PtO2 / 6 h / Ambient temperature 4: potassium hydroxide / aq. acetic acid / 4 h / 0 °C View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in acetic acid T=0°C; 4 h; Yield given;