1: With water; potassium hydroxide in methanol T=100°C; 2 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water T=0°C; pH=1; Inert atmosphere;

1: diethyl ether / 0.33 h / 0 °C 2: sat. aq. NaHCO3 / diethyl ether / 0.5 h / Heating 3: methanol / 8 h / Heating 4: NaBH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 10 h / Heating View Scheme

1: methanol / 8 h / Heating 2: NaBH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 10 h / Heating View Scheme

1.1: ethanol / 14 h / 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 4 h / 70 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: water; potassium hydroxide / methanol / 2 h / 100 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 0 °C / pH 1 / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: sat. aq. NaHCO3 / diethyl ether / 0.5 h / Heating 2: methanol / 8 h / Heating 3: NaBH4 / tetrahydrofuran / 10 h / Heating View Scheme

lithium aluminium tetrahydride in tetrahydrofuran T=0 - 20°C; 2 h;

hydrogen; sodium acetate; nickel in ethanol P=2327.2 Torr; 4 h; Ambient temperature;

1: hydrogenchloride; thionyl chloride; benzotriazol-1-ol / 4 h / 0 - 25 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: iodine; silver trifluoromethanesulfonate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3: 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; palladium diacetate; caesium carbonate; copper(l) chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 2 h / 80 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

potassium hydroxide; mTPPDS; palladium dichloride T=90°C; 3 h;

1: With 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in tetrahydrofuran 2: With ammonia in methanol Further stages.;