1: 98 percent / hydrogen / 10percent palladium-charcoal / aq. ethanol 2: 86 percent / hydrogen, conc. hydrochloric acid / 10percent palladium-charcoal / ethanol / 20 h / Ambient temperature 3: 81 percent / H2O / 0 °C 4: 66 percent / 30percent hydrogen peroxide / acetic acid / 1.) 55-60 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 75-80 deg C, 15 h 5: 85 percent / 10percent aq. sodium hydroxide / 4 h / Heating 6: 1.) sodium nitrite, conc. HCl 2.) sodium azide / 1.) water 7: 2.4 percent / various solvent(s) / 4 h / 185 °C View Scheme

1.1: manganese(IV) oxide / dichloromethane / 144 h 2.1: 5 Pd(II)/C(eggshell); hydrogen / ethanol / 760.05 Torr 3.1: sulfuric acid; sodium nitrite / water / 0.25 h / 0 °C 3.2: 1 h / 0 °C View Scheme