formic acid; iron; zinc T=60 - 65°C; 2 h;

lithium hydroxide T=60°C; 2.5 h;

barium dihydroxide; water Erwaermen des mit wss. Schwefelsaeure angesaeuerten Reaktionsgemisches;

1: ethanol; tetrachloromethane 2: barium hydroxide; water / Erwaermen des mit wss. Schwefelsaeure angesaeuerten Reaktionsgemisches View Scheme

1.1: NaBH4 / methanol / 20 °C 2.1: SOCl2; benzotriazole / CH2Cl2 3.1: NaH / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 0.5 h / 20 °C 3.2: 80 percent / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 7 h / 20 - 60 °C 4.1: NaOH / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 5.1: toluene / 2 h / Heating 6.1: 76 percent / aq. LiOH / 2.5 h / 60 °C View Scheme

1.1: NaH / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 0.5 h / 20 °C 1.2: 80 percent / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 7 h / 20 - 60 °C 2.1: NaOH / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 3.1: toluene / 2 h / Heating 4.1: 76 percent / aq. LiOH / 2.5 h / 60 °C View Scheme

1.1: SOCl2; benzotriazole / CH2Cl2 2.1: NaH / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 0.5 h / 20 °C 2.2: 80 percent / dimethylformamide; various solvent(s) / 7 h / 20 - 60 °C 3.1: NaOH / methanol / 20 h / 20 °C 4.1: toluene / 2 h / Heating 5.1: 76 percent / aq. LiOH / 2.5 h / 60 °C View Scheme

1: 89 percent / NH2OH / ethanol; methanol / 0.33 h / Heating 2: 94 percent / Zn; HCOOH; Fe / 2 h / 60 - 65 °C View Scheme

phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in various solvent(s) T=30°C; pH=8.8; Enzyme kinetics;