lithium hydroxide in tetrahydrofuran; methanol T=20°C; 3 h;

dimethyl amine in methanol T=0°C; 0.5 h;

1: 84 percent / 18 h / 20 °C 2: toluene / 3 h / 95 °C 3: LiOH / H2O; methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: toluene / 3 h / 95 °C 2: LiOH / H2O; methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: aq. HCl; NaNO2 / 6 h / 0 °C 2: 4 h / 60 °C 3: DMAP; DCC / CH2Cl2 / 12 h / 20 °C 4: K2CO3 / methanol; H2O / 12 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: α-hydroxy-isovaleric acid t-butyl ester With [Cu(S,S)-t-Bu-box]OTf2 in dichloromethane T=0°C; 0.166667 h; Inert atmosphere; 2: 1-isocyanatopropane in dichloromethane T=0°C; 1 h; Inert atmosphere; optical yield given as percent eeenantioselective reaction;

triphenylphosphine; diethylazodicarboxylate in tetrahydrofuran