1: 80.1 percent / 2 h / 80 - 90 °C 2: 72.9 percent / NBS, benzoyl peroxide / CCl4 / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 82.3 percent / 2 h / 80 - 90 °C 2: 72.2 percent / NBS, benzoyl peroxide / CCl4 / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

toluene-4-sulfonic acid in chloroform; benzene

sodium hydroxide T=25°C; pH 7.4; Rate constant;

1: 82.6 percent / 2 h / 80 - 90 °C 2: 75.5 percent / NBS, benzoyl peroxide / CCl4 / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: Et3N / CH2Cl2 2: phenanthrene-9,10-dione / benzene View Scheme

1: 12-molybdophosphoric acid HPMo / ethanol / 3 h / 120 °C / Microwave irradiation 2: trichloromonobromomethane; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / dichloromethane / 1.17 h / 0 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / water; acetone / 1 h / Reflux View Scheme

1: 12-molybdophosphoric acid HPMo / ethanol / 3 h / 120 °C / Microwave irradiation 2: trichloromonobromomethane; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene / dichloromethane / 1.17 h / 0 °C 3: hydrogenchloride / water; acetone / 1 h / Reflux 4: tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 12 h / 0 °C 5: Dess-Martin periodane / dichloromethane / 2 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: 63 percent / H2O 2: acetonitrile / 0.83 h / Heating 3: acetonitrile / Ambient temperature 4: 2.0 M NH2NH2*H2O, Et3N / methanol; H2O 5: 1.) Hg(OAc)2, 2.) H2S (gas) / 1.) H2O, 38-41 deg C, 2.5 h, 2.) H2O, RT, 45 min View Scheme

in water T=25°C; spectroscopic method, variation of the pH: the rate constant for the thiol-disulfide exchange (kSH) and for the thiolate ion-disulfide exchange (Ks-) as well as the activation energy were determined; Rate constant;