1: 95 percent / HCO2H, H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 80 percent / H2 / 10 percent Pd/C / ethanol 3: 69 percent / NaOH 4: 1.) n-BuLi, TMEDA / 1.) THF, hexane, 0 deg C, 2.) THF, hexane, 0 deg C View Scheme

1: 95 percent / HCO2H, H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 80 percent / H2 / 10 percent Pd/C / ethanol 3: 69 percent / NaOH View Scheme

formic acid; dihydrogen peroxide in dichloromethane 2.5 h;

1: 95 percent / 98percent formic acid, 30percent hydrogen peroxide / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h 2: 89 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 95 percent / 98percent formic acid, 30percent hydrogen peroxide / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h 2: 89 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating 3: 73 percent / H2 / Pd/C / diethyl ether; methanol View Scheme

1: 95 percent / 98percent formic acid, 30percent hydrogen peroxide / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h 2: 89 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating 3: 73 percent / H2 / Pd/C / diethyl ether; methanol 4: 6.8 g / HCl gas / diethyl ether View Scheme

1: 95 percent / 98percent formic acid, 30percent hydrogen peroxide / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h 2: 89 percent / K2CO3 / acetone / 6 h / Heating 3: 73 percent / H2 / Pd/C / diethyl ether; methanol 4: 6.8 g / HCl gas / diethyl ether 5: 84 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 24 h / under vacuum View Scheme

1: 95 percent / HCO2H, H2O2 / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 80 percent / H2 / 10 percent Pd/C / ethanol View Scheme