formic acid; sodium formate in water T=95°C; 4 h;

1: 67 percent / polyphosphoric acid / 115 °C 2: 2.) conc. HCl, 3.) HCl-gas / 1.) THF, toluene, 65 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 1 h, 3.) 75 deg C, 1.5 h, ethanol View Scheme

1: 91 percent / SOCl2 / CHCl3 / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2: 44 percent / hexamethylphosphoamide / 1 h / 70 °C 3: NiCl2, NaBH4 / ethanol; dioxane; propan-2-ol / 5 h / 25 °C 4: hydrogen chloride, ethanol 5: 46 percent / sodium formate, formic acid / H2O / 4 h / 95 °C View Scheme

1: hydrogen chloride, ethanol 2: 46 percent / sodium formate, formic acid / H2O / 4 h / 95 °C View Scheme

1: 1) Mg / 1) THF, 25 deg C, 20 min, 2) 60 deg C, 2,5 h 2: 91 percent / SOCl2 / CHCl3 / 0.5 h / 0 °C 3: 44 percent / hexamethylphosphoamide / 1 h / 70 °C 4: NiCl2, NaBH4 / ethanol; dioxane; propan-2-ol / 5 h / 25 °C 5: hydrogen chloride, ethanol 6: 46 percent / sodium formate, formic acid / H2O / 4 h / 95 °C View Scheme

1: 65 percent 2: 67 percent / polyphosphoric acid / 115 °C 3: 2.) conc. HCl, 3.) HCl-gas / 1.) THF, toluene, 65 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 1 h, 3.) 75 deg C, 1.5 h, ethanol View Scheme

1: 65 percent 2: 67 percent / polyphosphoric acid / 115 °C 3: 2.) conc. HCl, 3.) HCl-gas / 1.) THF, toluene, 65 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 1 h, 3.) 75 deg C, 1.5 h, ethanol View Scheme

hydrogenchloride 1.) THF, toluene, 65 deg C, 2 h, 2.) 1 h, 3.) 75 deg C, 1.5 h, ethanol; Multistep reaction;