1-methyl-piperazine in chloroform 1.) reflux, 6 h, 2.) R.T. overnight;

Grubb's 2nd generation catalyst in dichloromethane Heating;

1: 72 percent / AlCl3 / 1.) 15 deg C, 6.5 h, 2.) R.T. overnight 2: 88 percent / NaBH4 / ethanol / 5 h / 50 - 60 °C 3: 90 percent / gaseous HCl, CaCl2 / benzene / 4.5 h / 10 - 15 °C 4: 12 percent / CHCl3 / 1.) reflux, 6 h, 2.) R.T. overnight View Scheme

1: 72 percent / AlCl3 / 1.) 15 deg C, 6.5 h, 2.) R.T. overnight 2: 88 percent / NaBH4 / ethanol / 5 h / 50 - 60 °C 3: 90 percent / gaseous HCl, CaCl2 / benzene / 4.5 h / 10 - 15 °C 4: 12 percent / CHCl3 / 1.) reflux, 6 h, 2.) R.T. overnight View Scheme

potassium hydroxide in N,N-dimethyl-formamide

in chloroform 1.) reflux, 6 h, 2.) R.T. overnight;